Impacto de condições bucais na qualidade de vida de crianças/adolescentes com e sem transtorno do espectro autista e de seus familiares / Impact of oral conditions on the quality of life of children/adolescents with and without Autistic Spectrum Disorder and their family

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto dos fatores psicossociais familiares relacionados à saúde bucal de crianças/adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) comparados com a percepção de pais/cuidadores de crianças/adolescentes sem TEA. Para avaliação da percepção do impacto de condições bucais na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal (QVRSB), 80 crianças/adolescentes com TEA e 80 sem TEA foram examinadas. Os pais/cuidadores responderam a versão curta do Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ). A avaliação da influência dos fatores comportamentais na experiência de cárie dentária foi avaliada em 80 mães de crianças/adolescentes com TEA comparada com 76 mães de crianças/adolescentes sem TEA por meio dos questionários Senso de Coerência e Lócus de Controle (LOC). Informações sociodemográficas das famílias foram coletadas por meio de um questionário estruturado autorrespondido pelos responsáveis. Um único examinador avaliou os seguintes indicadores clínicos: cárie dentária (CPO-D/ceo-d), consequências clínicas da cárie dentária não tratada (PUFA/pufa), presença de placa visível (IPV), sangramento à sondagem periodontal (ISS), má oclusão e traumatismos dentoalveolares (TD). O teste Wilcoxon comparou os domínios e o escore total do P- CPQ entre indivíduos com e sem TEA. O teste qui-quadrado de Pearson foi empregado para avaliar a associação entre o escore total do P-CPQ com os dados sociodemográficos, de saúde e com os indicadores clínicos. As variáveis que apresentaram um nível de significância (p<0,20) na análise bivariada foram incorporadas no modelo final da regressão de Poisson (IC 95%, p<0,05). Para a análise dos fatores comportamentais, os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Teste-t de Student e Teste de Mann-Whitney foram realizados para avaliar as diferenças de experiência de cárie e variáveis independentes em ambos os grupos. As variáveis que apresentaram nível de significância (p<0,20) no modelo não-ajustado da Regressão Logística foram incorporadas no modelo final da regressão (IC 95%, p<0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação à percepção de pais/cuidadores das crianças/adolescentes com TEA sobre as repercussões das condições bucais na qualidade de vida de seus filhos quando comparados à percepção dos pais/cuidadores dos indivíduos sem TEA (p=0,721). O modelo ajustado de crianças com TEA encontrou que crianças que já haviam realizado visita prévia ao dentista têm 3,682 (IC 95% = 1,007 ­ 13,462) vezes mais chance de apresentar experiência de cárie dentária que crianças que nunca foram ao dentista. Enquanto crianças com presença de placa visível têm 3,426 (IC 95% = 1,089 ­ 10,783) vezes mais chance de apresentar experiência de cárie dentária quando comparadas a crianças que não possuem placa visível. A presença de placa visível e a atribuição do acaso ao LOC materno foram determinantes para maior prevalência de experiência de cárie dentária em crianças/adolescentes sem TEA. O grupo com TEA apresentou os mesmos fatores, entretanto a visita prévia ao dentista também foi determinante. A experiência de cárie dentária ainda foi associada à percepção da ocorrência de repercussões negativas na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal das crianças/adolescentes com TEA.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of family psychosocial factors related to the oral health of children/adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared with the perception of parents/caregivers of children/adolescents without ASD. To assess the perception of the impact of oral conditions on oral health- related quality of life (QHRSB), 80 children/adolescents with ASD and 80 without ASD were examined. Parents/caregivers answered the short version of the Parental- Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ). The evaluation of the influence of behavioral factors on the experience of dental caries was evaluated in 80 mothers of children/adolescents with ASD compared with 76 mothers of children/adolescents without ASD using the Sense of Coherence and Locus of Control (LOC) questionnaires. Socio-demographic information of the families was collected through a structured questionnaire self-reported by the guardians. A single examiner evaluated the following clinical indicators: dental caries (DMFT/dmft), clinical consequences of untreated dental caries (PUFA/pufa), presence of visible plaque (IPV), bleeding on periodontal probing (ISS), malocclusion and dentoalveolar trauma (TD). The Wilcoxon test compared the domains and the total score of the P-CPQ between individuals with and without ASD. Pearson's chi-square test was used to assess the association between the total P-CPQ score and sociodemographic and health data and clinical indicators. Variables that showed a significance level (p<0.20) in the bivariate analysis were incorporated into the final Poisson regression model (95% CI, p<0.05). For the analysis of behavioral factors, Pearson's chi-square test, Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were performed to assess differences in caries experience and independent variables in both groups. The variables that showed a significance level (p<0.20) in the unadjusted logistic regression model were incorporated into the final regression model (95% CI, p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in relation to the perception of parents/caregivers of children/adolescents with ASD about the repercussions of oral conditions on their children's quality of life when compared to the perception of parents/caregivers of individuals without ASD (p=0.721). The adjusted model of children with ASD found that children who had already made a previous visit to the dentist are 3.682 (95% CI = 1.007 ­ 13.462) times more likely to experience dental caries than children who had never been to the dentist. While children with visible plaque are 3.426 (95% CI = 1.089 ­ 10.783) times more likely to experience dental caries when compared to children who do not have visible plaque. The presence of visible plaque and the attribution of chance to maternal LOC were determinants for a higher prevalence of dental caries in children/adolescents without ASD. The group with ASD presented the same factors, however the previous visit to the dentist was also decisive. The experience of dental caries was also associated with the perception of the occurrence of negative repercussions on the quality of life related to the oral health of children/adolescents with ASD.

Cognition, functionality, and life space in older adults: the mediating role of perceived control and autonomy / Cognição, funcionalidade e espaço de vida nas pessoas idosas: o papel mediador da percepção de controle e autonomia

OBJECTIVES: To examine a model of associations between cognition, functionality, and life-space mobility, and the mediating role of perceived control and autonomy. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of older adults aged over 72 years, which used data from the FIBRA study. We used the structural equation modeling technique. Variables in this model were cognition, functionality, perceived control and autonomy, and life-space mobility, with sociodemographic and health covariables. Data imputation was done through the expected maximization method aiming at more effective data utilization. This study was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. RESULTS: The mediation model reached good fit indices. Cognition, functionality, and perceived control and autonomy demonstrated a predictive capacity for life space. Functionality and perceived control and autonomy mediated the relationship between cognition and life space; therefore, cognition influences life space, given its associations with the mediating variables. There was a mediating effect of perceived control and autonomy on the relationship between functionality and life space. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived control and autonomy have an adaptive role when considering changes in personal competencies. This adaptation is reflected on life spaces, indicating an adjustment between competence and environment. Studies aimed at promoting a good relationship between an individual and his or her context maintaining life space should consider perceived control and autonomy as important mechanisms in this relationship

OBJETIVOS: Examinar um modelo de associações entre cognição, funcionalidade e mobilidade em espaço de vida, e o papel mediador da percepção de controle e autonomia. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, com amostra composta por idosos acima de 72 anos, utilizando dados do estudo FIBRA. Utilizou-se a técnica de Modelagem por Equações Estruturais. As variáveis do modelo foram a cognição, a funcionalidade, a percepção de controle e autonomia e a mobilidade em espaço de vida, com covariáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde. Realizou-se imputação de dados através da técnica Expected Maximization, visando o melhor aproveitamento dos dados. Estudo financiado pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. RESULTADOS: O modelo de mediação obteve bons índices de ajuste. A cognição, a funcionalidade e a percepção de controle e autonomia demonstraram capacidade preditiva do espaço de vida. A funcionalidade e a percepção de controle e autonomia mediaram a relação entre a cognição e o espaço de vida, portanto, a cognição influencia o espaço de vida, dada suas associações com as variáveis mediadoras. Houve efeito de mediação da percepção de controle e autonomia na relação entre a funcionalidade e o espaço de vida. CONCLUSÕES: A percepção de controle e autonomia exerce função adaptativa frente às alterações nas competências pessoais. Essa adaptação é refletida nos espaços de vida, indicando ajuste entre competência e meio. Estudos que visem promover uma boa relação entre o indivíduo e seu contexto, mantendo o espaço de vida, devem considerar a percepção de controle e autonomia como mecanismo importante nesta relação."

Expectation of parental control and the maintenance of bottle-feeding in childhood

Abstract Objective: To investigate association between parental locus of control (belief of individuals about what or who has control of the events of their lives) and bottle feeding habits among children from 3 to 5 years of age. Methodology: Parental locus of control validated in Brazil, and semi-structured questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic, health, and oral habit behaviors was applied to mothers of 992 preschool children. Outcome variable "use of feeding bottle" was studied according to the time of its use (≤36 months and >36 months). Simple logistic regression models were adjusted and raw odds ratios were estimated for variables of distal blocks, which contemplated parental locus of control, socioeconomic characteristics of family, and maternal habits. In the intermediate block, the variables for conditions of the child's birth and place of health care attendance during the prenatal period and early childhood were included. In the proximal block, the time of breastfeeding and pacifier use were reported. Variables were analyzed from the distal to the proximal block, and the individual analyses that presented p ≤ 0.20 remained in each model; included in the subsequent block were the variables with p ≤ 0.10, because this was a study of prevention. Results: Longer time of feeding bottle use was associated with the internal parental locus of control, mothers older than 31 years of age, white race, premature children, who used pacifiers and are treated in the private health system. Conclusions: Children who maintained the habit of feeding bottle use for a longer time were those whose mother presented an internal locus of control.

Locus of control, knowledge, attitude and practice for contraception among adolescents / Locus de control, conocimiento, actitud y práctica en la contracepción entre adolescentes / Lócus de controle, conhecimento, atitude e prática na contracepção entre adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the relation of the locus of control with the adolescents' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP). Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with 1,192 high school students. Data were collected using the KAP questionnaire and the Levenson locus of control scale and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: Women presented higher Externality Powerful Others locus of control than man (p=0.0015) and adolescents over 17, higher Externality Chance locus of control (p=<0.0001). Students who used contraceptive methods at the first contraceptive method had higher Externality Powerful Others (p=0.0107) and those who used coitus interruptus, had higher Externality Chance (p=0.0013). Internality was inversely proportional to the practice in relation to the dimensions of the locus of control. Conclusions: The dimensions of the locus of control were related to some contraceptive practices, but little or no relation to knowledge and attitude.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar la relación del locus de control con conocimiento, actitud y práctica (CAP) contraceptiva de adolescentes. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con 1.192 estudiantes de enseñanza media. Los datos fueron recolectados a través del cuestionario CAP y de la escala de locus de control de Levenson y analizados por estadística descriptiva, prueba de Mann-Whitney y prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: Las mujeres presentaron más Externalidad Otros Poderosos cuando comparadas a los hombres (p=0,0015) y los adolescentes mayores de 17 años, más Externalidad Acaso (p=<0,0001). Los estudiantes que hicieron uso de algún método anticonceptivo en la primera relación sexual presentaron más Externalidad Otros Poderosos (p=0,0107) y aquellos que usaron el coito interrumpido, más Externalidad Acaso (p=0,0013). La Internalidad se mostró inversamente proporcional a la práctica en relación a las dimensiones del locus de control. Conclusiones: Las dimensiones del locus de control presentaron relación con algunas prácticas anticonceptivas, pero poca o ninguna relación con el conocimiento y actitud.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a relação do lócus de controle com conhecimento, atitude e prática (CAP) contraceptiva de adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 1192 estudantes de ensino médio. Os dados foram coletados por meio do questionário CAP e da escala de lócus de controle de Levenson e analisados por estatística descritiva, teste de Mann-Whitney e teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: As mulheres apresentaram maior Externalidade Outros Poderosos quando comparadas aos homens (p=0,0015), e os adolescentes acima de 17 anos, maior Externalidade Acaso (p=<0,0001). Os estudantes que fizeram uso de algum método anticoncepcional na primeira relação sexual apresentaram maior Externalidade Outros Poderosos (p=0,0107), e aqueles que usaram coito interrompido maior Externalidade Acaso (p=0,0013). A Internalidade mostrou-se inversamente proporcional à prática em relação às dimensões do lócus de controle. Conclusões: As dimensões do lócus de controle apresentaram relação com algumas práticas contraceptivas, mas pouca ou nenhuma relação com conhecimento e atitude.

Locus of control, knowledge, attitude and practice for contraception among adolescents / Locus de control, conocimiento, actitud y práctica en la contracepción entre adolescentes / Lócus de controle, conhecimento, atitude e prática na contracepção entre adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the relation of the locus of control with the adolescents' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP). Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with 1,192 high school students. Data were collected using the KAP questionnaire and the Levenson locus of control scale and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: Women presented higher Externality Powerful Others locus of control than man (p=0.0015) and adolescents over 17, higher Externality Chance locus of control (p=<0.0001). Students who used contraceptive methods at the first contraceptive method had higher Externality Powerful Others (p=0.0107) and those who used coitus interruptus, had higher Externality Chance (p=0.0013). Internality was inversely proportional to the practice in relation to the dimensions of the locus of control. Conclusions: The dimensions of the locus of control were related to some contraceptive practices, but little or no relation to knowledge and attitude.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar la relación del locus de control con conocimiento, actitud y práctica (CAP) contraceptiva de adolescentes. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con 1.192 estudiantes de enseñanza media. Los datos fueron recolectados a través del cuestionario CAP y de la escala de locus de control de Levenson y analizados por estadística descriptiva, prueba de Mann-Whitney y prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: Las mujeres presentaron más Externalidad Otros Poderosos cuando comparadas a los hombres (p=0,0015) y los adolescentes mayores de 17 años, más Externalidad Acaso (p=<0,0001). Los estudiantes que hicieron uso de algún método anticonceptivo en la primera relación sexual presentaron más Externalidad Otros Poderosos (p=0,0107) y aquellos que usaron el coito interrumpido, más Externalidad Acaso (p=0,0013). La Internalidad se mostró inversamente proporcional a la práctica en relación a las dimensiones del locus de control. Conclusiones: Las dimensiones del locus de control presentaron relación con algunas prácticas anticonceptivas, pero poca o ninguna relación con el conocimiento y actitud.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a relação do lócus de controle com conhecimento, atitude e prática (CAP) contraceptiva de adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 1192 estudantes de ensino médio. Os dados foram coletados por meio do questionário CAP e da escala de lócus de controle de Levenson e analisados por estatística descritiva, teste de Mann-Whitney e teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: As mulheres apresentaram maior Externalidade Outros Poderosos quando comparadas aos homens (p=0,0015), e os adolescentes acima de 17 anos, maior Externalidade Acaso (p=<0,0001). Os estudantes que fizeram uso de algum método anticoncepcional na primeira relação sexual apresentaram maior Externalidade Outros Poderosos (p=0,0107), e aqueles que usaram coito interrompido maior Externalidade Acaso (p=0,0013). A Internalidade mostrou-se inversamente proporcional à prática em relação às dimensões do lócus de controle. Conclusões: As dimensões do lócus de controle apresentaram relação com algumas práticas contraceptivas, mas pouca ou nenhuma relação com conhecimento e atitude.

Recuperación de peso perdido en pacientes que han tenido cirugía bariátrica: Una mirada psicológica / Psychological factors influencing weight regain after bariatric surgery

Background Approximately 15 to 40% of bariatric patients regain a significant percentage of their weight lost after surgery. Among psychological variables, control and self-efficacy loci are associated with behaviors related to weight loss. Also, family support can be a risk or protection factor for the maintenance of weight loss. Aim To evaluate the association between psychological variables with weight maintenance or regain after bariatric surgery. Material and Methods We evaluated 97 patients at 4.1 ± 3.4 years after their bariatric surgery. They answered questionnaires about self-efficacy to lose weight, locus of weight control and family functioning style. Regain after surgery was also calculated, through self-report. Results Seventeen percent of patients gained weight. Locus of control (Z = -3.09, p < 0.01), family identity (Z = -3.71, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (Z = -2.44, p = 0.01), differentiated patients who maintained weight loss from those who re-gained at least 15% of their lost weight. An inverse and significant relationship was observed between the percentage of weight regain and locus of control (r = -0.42, p < 0.01), family identity (r = -0.36, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (r = -0.34, p <0.01). Conclusions The psychological variables "locus of weight control" and "family identity" are inversely and moderately associated with weight regain in patients subjected to bariatric surgery.

Cross-cultural adaptation of Rotter's General Locus of Control instrument / Adaptação transcultural do instrumento de Locus of Control Geral de Rotter

Abstract Objective To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the General Locus of Control (GLoC) questionnaire, which measures where people place causation of events in their lives, i.e., if they interpret events as being the result of their own actions or external factors. Methods After translation and back-translation, a multidisciplinary committee judged and elaborated different versions of the GLoC questionnaire, with a focus on conceptual equivalence, content, comprehensibility and adjustment to the Brazilian socioeconomic context. The final version was tested on 71 healthy subjects, of whom 36 were reinterviewed and answered the GLoC questionnaire twice, after a mean of 73.06±74.15 days (range = 29-359). Results The participants' mean age was 30.82±12.83 years (range = 18-69), 62% were women, and mean years of schooling were 12.54±4.21. Test-retest reliability (Pearson's) was r = 0.828. Internal consistency resulted in a Cronbach's alpha of 0.906. The mean GLoC score obtained was 8.77±3.11 (n = 71). Conclusion The Portuguese version of the GLoC questionnaire is a faithful adaptation of Rotter's original questionnaire.

Resumo Objetivo Realizar a adaptação transcultural do questionário General Locus of Control (GLoC), que avalia a que as pessoas atribuem a causa dos seus eventos de vida, isto é, se interpretam os eventos como sendo resultado de suas próprias ações ou de fatores externos. Métodos Após as fases de tradução e retrotradução do instrumento, uma equipe multidisciplinar julgou as versões obtidas quanto à manutenção do conceito original, compreensibilidade e clareza para o contexto socioeconômico da população brasileira. A versão final foi testada em 71 indivíduos saudáveis, dos quais 36 responderam duas vezes ao questionário, com um intervalo de 73,06±74,15 (29-359) dias. Resultados A média de idade dos participantes foi de 30,82±12,83 anos (com variação de 18-69), 62% eram mulheres, e o número médio de anos de escolaridade foi 12,54±4,21. A análise de confiabilidade teste-reteste (coeficiente de correlação de Pearson) foi r = 0,828. A análise de consistência interna resultou em um valor de Crohnbach de 0,906. O escore médio entre aplicações do teste foi de 8,77±3,11 (n = 71). Conclusão A versão em português do questionário GLoC é uma adaptação fiel ao instrumento original de Rotter.

Locus of control among individuals with different pain conditions

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control - Form C (MHLC-C) scale applied to a sample of adult Brazilian patients with different pain conditions. The scores were then identified and compared on each of the subscales and profiles regarding locus of control. The sample consisted of 1,149 adult individuals (79% women; mean age: 36.6 years) of which 334 reported not feeling pain in the prior 24 hours, 386 reported pain in the prior three months, 250 reported recurring pain for the prior three months or longer, and 179 reported continuous pain for the prior three months or longer. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The invariance of the MHLC-C was tested on independent samples. The weighted global score was calculated for each of the factors and tested using ANOVA (α = 5%). Individuals were classified according to the eight health locus of control (HLC) profiles. The factors fit the data adequately after the model was refined. A higher score for the Health Professionals HLC was found among individuals reporting less than three months of pain. The "believer in control" profile was the most prevalent among the groups, while the least prevalent profile was the "pure chance" profile. The MHLC-C was found to be valid and reliable for assessing locus of control among people with different pain conditions. Only the Health Professionals HLC factor exhibited significantly different results for these individuals. The "believer in control" profile was the most prevalent among the pain conditions considered.

Health locus of control, spirituality and hope for healing in individuals with intestinal stoma / Locus de controle em saúde, Espiritualidade e Esperança de cura nos indivíduos com estoma intestinal

Objective: To assess the health locus of control, spirituality and hope of cure in patients with intestinal stoma. Methods: This study was conducted at the Polo of Ostomized People in the city of Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais. Participants were 52 patients with intestinal stoma. Three questionnaires were applied for data collection: a questionnaire on demographic and stoma-related data; the Scale for Health Locus of Control; the Herth Hope Scale, and the Self-rating Scale for Spirituality. Results: Most ostomized subjects were women aged over 61 years, married and retired. As to the stoma, in the majority of cases these operations were definitive and were carried out due to a diagnosis of neoplasia. Most ostomized subjects had a 20- to 40-mm diameter colostomy, 27 showed dermatitis as a complication, and 39 (75%) used a two-part device. The mean total score for the Scale for Health Locus of Control, the Herth Hope Scale, and the Self-rating Scale for Spirituality were 62.42, 38.27, and 23.67, respectively. Regarding the dimensions of the Scale for Health Locus of Control, the dimension "completeness of health" = 22.48, dimension "externality-powerful others" = 22.48, and dimension "health externality" = 19.48. Conclusion: Ostomized patients participating in the study believe they can control their health and that caregivers and individuals involved in their rehabilitation can contribute to their improvement. The cure or improvement has a divine influence through religious practices or beliefs.

Objetivo: Verificar o locus de controle da saúde, espiritualidade e esperança de cura em indivíduos ostomizados. Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado no Polo dos ostomizados da cidade de Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais. Fizeram parte do estudo 52 pacientes com estoma intestinal. Foram utilizados para coleta de dados três questionários: questionário sobre os dados demográficos e relacionados ao estoma; Escala para Locus de controle da saúde; Escala de Esperança de Herth e Escala de auto-classificação para Espiritualidade. Resultados: A maioria dos ostomizados era do gênero feminino com idade acima de 61 anos, casados e aposentados. Com relação ao estoma, a maioria desses dispositivos era definitiva e as causas para a sua confecção do dispositivo foram, em sua maioria, um diagnóstico de neoplasia. A maioria dos ostomizados tinha uma colostomia com diâmetro de 20 a 40 mm e apresentavam dermatite como complicação; e 39 (75%) utilizavam dispositivos de duas peças. A média do escore total da escala para Locus de controle da saúde, Escala de Esperança de Herth, e Escala de Auto-classificação para Espiritualidade foi de, respectivamente, 62,42, 38,27 e 23,67. Com relação às dimensões da Escala para Locus de Ccontrole da Saúde, foram obtidos os seguintes valores: dimensão integralidade "saúde" = 22,48, dimensão externalidade "outros poderosos" = 20,48 e dimensão externalidade "saúde" = 19,48. Conclusão: Os pacientes ostomizados que participaram do estudo acreditam que podem controlar sua saúde, e que as pessoas envolvidas no cuidado e em sua reabilitação podem contribuir para sua melhora. A cura ou melhora tem influência divina por meio das práticas ou crenças religiosas.

Association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with spirituality and hope for cure of ostomized people / Associação dos fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos com a espiritualidade e esperança de cura dos ostomizados

Abstract Objective To evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical factors related to patients with intestinal stoma and correlate them to the health locus of control, spirituality and hope for a cure. Method This study was conducted at the Polo of Ostomized Patients of the city of Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais. Participants were 52 patients with intestinal stoma. The scale for Health Locus of Control, the Herth Hope Scale, and the Self-rating Scale for Spirituality were used for data collection. Results The patients were aged up to 50 years, with the following means: Herth Hope Scale: 17.53; Self-rating Scale for Spirituality: 19.33. With regard to marital status, single people had a mean of 21.00 for the Herth Hope Scale. Retired ostomized patients had a mean of 20.53 for the Herth Hope Scale, of 10.38 for the Self-rating Scale for Spirituality, and of Scale for Health Locus of Control, of 18.79. The patients whose cause of making the stoma was neoplasia attained a mean of 19.43 for the Self-rating Scale for Spirituality. Regarding the character of the stoma, the mean for the Herth Hope Scale was 18.40. In the ostomized individuals who lived with the stoma for less than four years the means for the Herth Hope Scale, Self-rating Scale for Spirituality, and Scale for Health Locus of Control were 17.39, 20.35, and 23.09, respectively. Patients who did not participate of an association or support had means for the Herth Hope Scale, Self-rating Scale for Spirituality, and Scale for Health Locus of Control of 19.08, 17.25, and 20.63 respectively. Conclusion Ostomized patients believe they can control their health and that those involved in their care and rehabilitation can contribute to their improvement.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos relativos aos pacientes com estoma intestinal e correlacioná-los ao locus de controle da saúde, espiritualidade e esperança de cura. Métodos Este estudo foi realizado no Polo dos Ostomizados da cidade de Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais. Fizeram parte do estudo 52 pacientes com estoma intestinal. Foram utilizados para coleta de dados a Escala para Locus de Controle da Saúde; Escala de Esperança de Herth, e Self-rating Scale for Spirituality. Resultados Os pacientes na faixa etária até 50 anos tiveram as seguintes médias: Herth Hope Scale: 17,53; Self-rating Scale for Spirituality: 19,33. No que concerne ao estado civil, as pessoas solteiras tiveram a média de 21,00 para a Escala de Esperança de Herth. Os ostomizados aposentados atingiram as seguintes médias para as escalas: Escala de Esperança de Herth: 20,53; Self-rating Scale for Spirituality: 10,38 e Escala para Locus de Controle da Saúde: 18,79. Os pacientes cuja causa da confecção do estoma foi neoplasia tiveram a média de 19,43 para a Self-rating Scale for Spirituality. Com relação ao caráter do estoma, a média da Escala de Esperança de Herth foi 18,40. Nos ostomizados que conviviam com o estoma havia menos de 4 anos as médias das Escalas de Esperança de Herth, Self-rating Scale for Spirituality, e Escala para Locus de Controle da Saúde foram de 17,39, 20,35, e 23,09, respectivamente. Conclusão os pacientes ostomizados acreditam que podem controlar sua saúde e que as pessoas envolvidas no cuidado e na sua reabilitação podem contribuir para sua melhora.

Effects of teachers' internal-external control and leadership type on educational intervention for School-aged Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors influencing on educational intervention for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) after analyzing the relationship among teachers' internal-external locus of control, leadership type and educational intervention for ADHD. METHODS: A cross sectional study design was conducted with 255 teachers in three schools located in D, K and Y city. The data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: Internal locus of control showed significantly positive correlations with educational intervention for ADHD. Efficient leadership type, harmony-oriented leadership type showed significant differences in inefficient leadership type on educational intervention for ADHD. Significant factors of the educational intervention were efficient leadership type, harmony-oriented leadership type, task-oriented leadership type and internal locus of control that were explained by 20.0% (F=12.5, p<.001) of educational intervention for ADHD. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to have teacher's efficient leadership type focused on ADHD symptoms. Teachers need to enhance their positive domain of internal-external locus of control towards students with ADHD to increase the effectiveness of their educational interventions for ADHD.

A Study on Coping Styles for Dysmenorrhea and Affecting Factors in Middle School Students

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate coping styles for dysmenorrhea and explore factors related with their coping styles according to different health loci of control in middle schoolers. METHODS: Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire for 572 students from three middle schools in Seoul from March 22 to April 2, 2010. The measurement included menstrual distress, coping method questionnaire and health locus of control. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Middle school students used the active behavioral coping style more often than the avoidance style. There was a significant difference in means within each coping style including levels of stress, levels of health, and regular exercise. There were also significant correlations between each coping style and health locus of control. Regression analyses indicated that the health locus of control factor is the most powerful factor in each coping style. CONCLUSION: We observed that various coping methods are used for dysmenorrhea in middle school students. However, the active behavioral coping style is dominant in such a condition. Based on these results, we need to develop a health locus of control to improve coping styles for dysmenorrhea.

Correlação entre domínios de qualidade de vida e lócus de controle da saúde em idosos residentes na comunidade / Correlation between domains of quality of life and locus of health control incommunity resident elderly

Objetivos: verificar as correlações existentes entre qualidade de vida, lócus de controle da saúde e dadossociodemográficos em uma amostra de idosos residentes na comunidade.Métodos: este estudo teve um delineamento quantitativo e transversal. A amostra foi composta por 113 idosos, com idades entre 60 e 98 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: ficha de dados sociodemográficos, Escala de Lócus deControle da Saúde e Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida Abreviada (WHOQOL-Bref). Para a análise estatística utilizamos o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, o teste t de Student e a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Os resultados com valores de p menores que 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos.Resultados: verificou-se correlação positiva moderada entre número de atividades de lazer e domínio psicológico da qualidade de vida (r=0,320; p=0,001), assim como entre número de atividades de lazer e domínio meio ambiente da qualidade de vida (r=0,320; p=0,001). Os resultados apontaram ainda para correlação fracamente positiva entre domínio físico da qualidade de vida e lócus de internalidade (r=0,220; p=0,019), anos de escolaridade (r=0,206; p=0,029) e número de atividades de lazer (r=0,282; p=0,002).Conclusões: o lócus de controle da saúde mostrou correlação com a qualidade de vida no idoso. De um modo geral, os idosos que apresentaram lócus de controle interno e também os que possuíam uma vida mais ativa evidenciaram maior qualidade de vida.

Aims: To analyze the correlation between quality of life, locus of control and socio-demographic data in community resident elderly.Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was performed. The sample was constituted by 113 senior citizens with ages ranging from 60 to 98 years. The instruments used were a Socio-demographic Data Form, a Locus ofControl Scale and a Short Quality of Life Evaluation (WHOQOL-Bref). For statistical analysis we used the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Student t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results with p values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: There was moderate positive correlation between the number of leisure activities and psychological domain of quality of life (r=0.320, p=0.001) and environment domain of quality of life (r=0.320, p=0.001). The results also indicated weak positive correlation between the physical domain of quality of life and locus of internality (r=0.220, p=0.019), years of education (r=0.206, p=0.029) and number of leisure activities (r=0.282, p=0.002).Conclusions: A correlation between the types of locus of control and quality of life in the elderly was demonstrated.In general, older people who had internal locus of control and also those who possessed a more active life showed ahigher quality of life.

Locus of control and contraceptive knowledge, attitude and practice among university students / Lócus de controle e conhecimento, atitude e prática contraceptivas entre adolescentes universitários

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between locus of control and knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pill and condom use among university students. METHODS: The inquiry was developed in Campinas, a city in Southeastern Brazil, in 2006. A total of 295 adolescent newcomers to a public university answered a structured questionnaire and Levenson's multidimensional locus of control scale. The scores of the dimensions of locus of control were calculated and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess their correlation with knowledge and practice concerning pill and condom use. In order to assess the relationship between the dimensions of locus of control and sociodemographic variables and variables related to the individuals' sex life, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used. RESULTS: Male adolescents had higher scores of powerful others externality when compared to female adolescents (p=0.01). Students living alone had lower internality (p=0.01). When locus of control was compared to condom use in the first intercourse, considering only the 102 students who informed the age of the beginning of sexual activity, greater internality was found among male adolescents who did not use condoms (p<0.05). When the locus of control scores were correlated with contraceptive knowledge and practice, it was found that the higher the powerful others externality locus, the lower the adequate use of contraceptive methods (r = -0.22, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The powerful others externality locus influences the practice of contraceptive use in this group of adolescents.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação do lócus de controle com conhecimento, atitude e prática relacionados à pílula e ao preservativo entre adolescentes estudantes universitários. MÉTODOS: Estudo tipo inquérito desenvolvido em Campinas, SP, em 2006. O total de 295 adolescentes ingressantes de uma universidade pública respondeu a um questionário estruturado e à escala multidimensional de lócus de controle de Levenson. Foram calculados os escores das dimensões do lócus de controle e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para avaliar a correlação com o conhecimento e a prática do uso de pílula e preservativo. Para avaliar a relação entre as dimensões do lócus de controle e as variáveis sociodemográficas e variáveis relacionadas à vida sexual foram usados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Os adolescentes do sexo masculino apresentaram maior externalidade-outros poderosos quando comparados com as do sexo feminino (p=0,01). Estudantes que viviam sozinhos tinham uma internalidade mais baixa (p=0,01). Quando o lócus de controle foi comparado com o uso de preservativo na primeira relação sexual, considerando-se apenas os 102 estudantes que informaram a idade de início da atividade sexual, foi encontrada maior internalidade entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino que não usaram preservativo (p<0,05). Ao correlacionar os escores do lócus de controle com o conhecimento contraceptivo e prática, observou-se que quanto mais elevado o escore do lócus de controle externalidade outros-poderosos, menor o uso adequado de métodos contraceptivos (r = -0,22, p=0.03). CONCLUSÕES: O lócus externalidade outros-poderosos influencia a prática de uso de método contraceptivo nesse grupo de adolescentes.

Health Locus of Control, Exercise Self-efficacy, and Exercise Benefits/Barriers of Female College Students / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health locus of control, exercise self-efficacy and exercise benefits/barriers of female college students. METHODS: Convenient sampling was used to recruit participants from a University based in Pusan. Data were collected from October 15 to December 20, 2007, and participants were 322 students. The questionnaires administered consisted of Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (HLOC) Scales, Exercise Self-efficacy Scale, and Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The mean scores for the HLOC among female students was HLOC-I: 22.24, HLOC-P: 16.82, HLOC-C: 15.16. The mean scores were exercise self-efficacy: 37.45, exercise benefit: 2.96, and exercise barriers: 2.89. The 'double external' response pattern of HLOC was the largest group in female students with significant difference in exercise benefit between response patterns of HLOC. There were significant correlations between HLOC-I, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise benefit/barriers. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that tailored health management program by pattern of HLOC should be developed to promote the exercise behavior and enhance the exercise self-efficacy and benefit for female students.

Factors Related to Depressive Symptoms Among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the levels of depression symptoms among the community elderlies and to reveal its related factors, specifically aimed at revealing psycho-social factors such as social support net-work, sense of self-esteem, state anxiety, interpersonal behavior trait and locus of control. METHODS: The interviews were performed during the period from April 1st to June 30th, 2007 to the 790 elderlies in urban and rural areas. RESULTS: The mean scores of depression (CES-D) among all subjects were 16.65+/-10.97(urban: 18.81+/-10.31, rural: 14.49+/-11.20) and they were higher in urban than rural. The level of depression symptoms was influenced by the variables of educational level, with or without spouse, bear for living expenses, sense of satisfaction in daily life. As for health related behaviors, they were influenced by the variables of with or without regular exercise. As for health status, they were influenced by the subjective health status, with or without disability of body, visual acuity, hearing ability, ability of food mastication, urinary incontinence, with or without help in activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). As for social support net-work and social activities, they were influenced by number of offspring, frequency of offspring contents, frequency of going out and activity of hobbies. As for psycho-social factors, they were influenced by sense of self-esteem, state anxiety and social support, especially, the level of depression symptoms was higher influenced by the variables of psycho-social factors than other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Lower of the level of depression symptoms among the community elderlies would require development and application of programs to keep under management psycho-social factors as well as looking for ways to promoting the present health status.

Psychosocial Stress Levels and Related Factors in some Rural Residents / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the levels of psychosocial stress and to identify its related factors in some rural residents. METHODS: The study subjects were 1,806 adults aged 40-70 years living in Naju City, Jeollanamdo. Sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behavior, social support and personality were collected for statistical analysis. The measurement instrument of psychosocial stress was psychosocial well-being index. The differences on the stress levels between groups were assessed with t-test, ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that 16.6% of subjects were categorized as high stress, 63.4% as moderate, and 20.0% as normal. Overall, the mean value of PWI was 17.2+/-9.8 and significantly different by socioeconomic characteristics, health-related behavior, social support and personality. In the case of men, the PWI was significantly deteriorated in the cases of nondrinker or other subjects with no job, lower household income, decreased positive social support, increased negative social support, type A behavior pattern, decrease of internal locus of control or poorer self-esteem. In the case of women, the PWI was significantly deteriorated in the subjects with no job, no spouse, decreased positive social support, increased negative social support, type A behavior pattern, decrease of internal locus of control or poorer self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: The psychosocial stress for rural residents was related with social support and personality. Thus, these results should be considered to reduce stress levels in rural adults.

Health Locus of Control and Compliance of Treatment in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the differences of health locus of control and treatment compliance according to general characteristics and severity in acute coronary syndrome(ACS) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted with a convenient sample of 103 ACS patients. The dependent variables were measured by the scales for the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control and the Treatment Compliance. The collected data were analyzed by the Fisher's exact test, Chi-square and t-tests, and ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: Pre-interventional severity was significantly different between men and women. In terms of internal health locus of control, there was a significant difference according to gender, educational status, economic status, and severity. The level of medication compliance was the lowest among the sub-scales of treatment compliance. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that clinical nurses should evaluate the general characteristics and severity of the patients with ACS for providing tailored nursing interventions.

Locus de Controle e escolha do método anticoncepcional / Locus of Control and choice of contraceptive method

Objetivou-se avaliar a relação entre o Locus de Controle e o tipo de método contraceptivo escolhido. Foi utilizada a Escala Multidimensional de Locus de Controle de Levenson e entrevistadas 191 mulheres. As usuárias de preservativo masculino apresentaram maior Internalidade do que as usuárias de injetável mensal. Quanto ao locus Externalidade Outros Poderosos, as usuárias de implante apresentavam menor externalidade do que as usuárias de preservativo masculino, laqueadura, injetável trimestral e DIU. Considerando-se o locus Externalidade Acaso, as usuárias de implante apresentaram menores escores do que as mulheres que optaram pela laqueadura, injetável trimestral e DIU. Observou-se ainda, menor Externalidade Acaso entre as usuárias de injetável mensal em relação às mulheres que fizeram opção pelo injetável trimestral.

The purpose was to assess the relationship between locus of control and the contraceptive method chosen. It was used the Levenson's Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale and 191 women was interviewed. Users of male condoms presented greater Internality than the monthly contraceptive injection users. Regarding the External locus of control (Powerful Others), the implant users presented less Externality than those who used condoms, tubal ligation, three-monthly injections and the IUD. Regarding the External locus of control (Chance), the implant users presented smaller scores than those who opted for tubal ligation, three-monthly injections and the IUD. It was observed also that monthly injections users presented smaller scores of External locus of control (Chance) than the women who were three-monthly injections users.

El objetivo es validar la relación entre el Locus de Control y el tipo de método anticonceptivo elegido. Fue usada la Escala Multidimensional de Locus de Control de Levenson. Fueron entrevistadas 191 mujeres. Las usuarias de condón masculino presentaron Internalidad más grande que las usuarias de inyectable mensual. Considerado el Locus Externalidad - Otro poderoso, las usuarias de implante presentaron menor externalidad de que las usuarias de condón masculino, laqueadura, inyectable trimestral y DIU. Considerado el Locus Externalidad - Quizá, las usuarias del implante presentaron menores resultados que las mujeres que eligieron por la laqueadura, inyectable trimestral y DIU. Se observo que las mujeres usuarias de inyectable mensual presentaron menor Externalidad - Quizá que las mujeres usuarias de inyectable trimestral.